Knowledge Base

The FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles are key to the construction of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC), a virtual environment for open and seamless services for storage, management, analysis and re-use of research data.

The goal of the FREYA consortium is to extend a robust environment for Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) into a core component of European and global research e-infrastructures. The resulting FREYA services will cover a wide range of resources in the research and innovation landscape and enhance the links between them so that they can be exploited in many disciplines and research processes.

FREYA is one building block of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC).

Data literacy is about the ability to handle data. It includes competences to collect, manage, evaluate and apply data in a critical manner. The public sector struggles with the growing skills gap, since data has become a central issue in our working environment, and the ability to understand and master the huge amounts of data available to the organisation is a key challenge. Key to this is establishing a culture of data literacy, meaning employees at all levels can access and have the ability to read, work, analyse and argue with data.

Glocalization is an artificial word combining Globalization and Localization. It is a practice of conducting business according to both local and global considerations. The process allows integration of local markets into world markets in a business context. [1]
The concept can be transferred into a public sector context in the way that local levels of government need to be considered in higher-level policies.

Data philanthropy is a kind of strategic partnership between private and public sector in which private companies donate data as a valuable resource for public benefit, i.e. for humanitarian, corporate, human rights, and academic use. [1]
However, there are numerous challenges to be mastered, such as competing tensions on data control and ownership, personal data protection and the lack of adequate frameworks for coordination and governance. [2]

Core idea of the lean approach is to maximise customer value and to focus on its key processes in order to continuously increase it through an optimum value creation process that has zero waste.
Lean thinking changes the focus of management from optimising separate technologies, assets, and vertical departments to optimise the flow of products and services through entire value streams that flow horizontally across technologies, assets, and departments. [1]

Technological Unemployment is about the societal impacts of technologies. Danaher defines technological unemployment “as the replacement of human workers […] by technological alternatives (machines, computer programs, robots and so forth)”. Furthermore, he assumes that artificial intelligence and robots will take over the work of humans in future. This is one reason why technological developments often come with people´s fear of the consequences. Everything is automated to such an extent that human work is no longer needed. [1]

Hate speech is commonly defined as any communication that attacks a person or a group because of its origin, colour, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, religion, or other characteristic. Due to the massive rise of user-generated web content, in particular on social media networks, the amount of hate speech is also steadily increasing. [1][2]

The pervasive use of information and communication technologies results in an increasing interdependency between social and technical systems. Socio-Technical Systems are an approach to complex organisational work design that recognises the Human-Machine-Interaction. Due to this interdependence, it is not possible to consider social systems and the technical systems independently of each other. This connection allows both subsystems to benefit from each other. [1][2]

Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) can be seen as the smartification of everyday life. It consists of concepts, methods, electronic systems, products and services, which transparently assist people. Most of these systems are designed to help elderly and disabled persons mastering everyday life until old age and to support a self-determined living. Concrete examples for AAL systems are the monitoring of the state of health and automatic emergency calls. This holds the potential of increased quality of life and significant economic savings.