Knowledge Base

The goal of the FREYA consortium is to extend a robust environment for Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) into a core component of European and global research e-infrastructures. The resulting FREYA services will cover a wide range of resources in the research and innovation landscape and enhance the links between them so that they can be exploited in many disciplines and research processes.

FREYA is one building block of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC).

Copernicus is the European Union's Earth Observation Programme and offers information services based on satellite Earth Observation and in situ (non-space) data. The Programme is coordinated and managed by the European Commission. It is implemented in partnership with the Member States, the European Space Agency (ESA) and further European organisations.

Galileo is the European Union's Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS). Sometimes called the ’European GPS‘, Galileo provides accurate positioning and timing information. Galileo is a programme under civilian control and its data can be used for a broad range of applications. It is autonomous but also interoperable with existing satellite navigation systems. At the moment, the Galileo constellation consists of 24 satellites.

The Big Data Test Infrastructure (BDTI) is a building block of the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF). It provides a set of services to help public administrations explore and experiment with various data sources, software tools and methodologies.

EUMETSAT is the European operational satellite agency for monitoring weather, climate and the environment with the purpose of supplying reliable and accurate weather and climate-related satellite data, images and products – 24 hours a day, 365 days a year – to the National Meteorological Services of the EU Member States and other users worldwide.

EUMETSAT provides data, products and support services to the Copernicus information services and user communities, with a focus on marine, atmosphere and climate.

Regulatory sandboxes are experimental rooms to test policies or business models in an environment with minimal legal requirements. Certain governments have already started to adopt the concept, which originally evolved in the fintech startup context. It helps governments better understand new technology and its regulatory implications

By using social media in governmental context, a new form of interaction between citizens and government can be established. The social media data can be used to collect useful information about citizens’ needs and opinions, as well as integrate citizens directly in the decision making process. Some governmental institutions also use their own social media accounts and post content online. [1][2]

In 2001, the industry analyst Douglas Laney at Gartner described data management challenges along the three dimensions volumes, velocity and variety in the E-commerce branch. Volumes stands for the quite huge increase of volumes of data, Velocity for increased point-of-interaction speed and the pace of data generated by interactions and used to support interactions. Data Variety means variety of incompatible data formats, non-aligned data structures and inconsistent data semantics. This 3-V-model has been widely used attempting to define big data since this publication in 2001. [1]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a possibility to improve policy and decision making and can be understood as the automation of intelligent and human-like behaviour. The most important techniques to support specific cases of indeed high complex policy making processes are decision support and optimisation techniques, game theory, data and opinion mining, agent-based simulation and visual scenario based evaluations. [1]

By now, the most promising application of artificial intelligence is the use of machine learning as a subfield of AI. The Encyclopaedia Britannica states that machine learning is concerned with the implementation of computer software that can learn autonomously. [1]