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Machine Learning
By now, the most promising application of artificial intelligence is the use of machine learning as a subfield of AI. The Encyclopaedia Britannica states that machine learning is concerned with the implementation of computer software that can learn autonomously. [1]
Expert systems and data mining programs are the most common applications. For instance, a computer program learns and improves its own answers to a question by creating and integrating algorithms from a collection of data. New knowledge is generated through experiences and is not programmed. Among the most common approaches are the use of artificial neural networks (weighted decision paths) and genetic algorithms (symbols “bred” and culled by algorithms to produce successively fitter programs).
Tom M. Mitchell established the more formal definition: "A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance measure P if its performance at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with experience E." [2]
Since, machine learning is a subfield of the discipline artificial intelligence, the ethical questions that were discussed among this topic are the same.
[1] Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018), Machine Learning, https://www.britannica.com/technology/machine-learning , retrieved February 13, 2018.
[2] Mitchell, T. (1997), Machine Learning, McGraw-Hill Education, Boston.
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Comments
@amichal
Submitted by juliane.schmeling on Fri, 09/21/2018 - 16:17
For instance, machine learning can be used to improve digital public services through automated and self-learning query-reply-systems, automated distrubution of application forms or automated tax return processes.
For policy makers, the decision support is very relevant. Augmented analytic methods leverage machine learning components to improve their techniques. See also the article about predictive analytics.
Maching learning in policy making: Is it currently applied?
What kind of applications can you see in policy making leveraging machine learning?
Can machine learning become an indispensable tool in the hands of policy makers or is it something we will be able to answer in some years from now?